Class template function

boost::function — A generalized function pointer that can be used for callbacks or wrapping function objects.

Synopsis

// In header: <boost/function.hpp>

template<typename Signature> 
class function : public functionN<R, T1, T2, ..., TN> {
public:
  // types
  typedef R  result_type;         
  typedef T1 argument_type;         // If N == 1
  typedef T1 first_argument_type;   // If N == 2
  typedef T2 second_argument_type;  // If N == 2
  typedef T1 arg1_type;           
  typedef T2 arg2_type;           
     .
     .
     .
  typedef TN argN_type;           

  // static constants
  static const int arity = N;

  // member classes/structs/unions

  // Lambda library support
  template<typename Args> 
  struct sig {
    // types
    typedef result_type type;
  };

  // construct/copy/destruct
  function();
  function(const functionN&);
  function(functionN&&);
  function(const function&);
  function(function&&);
  template<typename F> function(F);
  template<typename F, typename Allocator> function(F, Allocator);
  function& operator=(const functionN&);
  function& operator=(functionN&&);
  function& operator=(const function&);
  function& operator=(function&&);
  ~function();

  // modifiers
  void swap(const function&);
  void clear();

  // capacity
  bool empty() const;
  operator safe_bool() const;
  bool operator!() const;

  // target access
  template<typename Functor> Functor* target();
  template<typename Functor> const Functor* target() const;
  template<typename Functor> bool contains(const Functor&) const;
  const std::type_info& target_type() const;

  // invocation
  result_type operator()(arg1_type, arg2_type, ..., argN_type) const;
};

// specialized algorithms
template<typename Signature> 
  void swap(function<Signature>&, function<Signature>&);

// comparison operators
template<typename Signature, typename Functor> 
  bool operator==(const function<Signature>&, Functor);
template<typename Signature, typename Functor> 
  bool operator==(Functor, const function<Signature>&);
template<typename Signature, typename Functor> 
  bool operator==(const function<Signature>&, reference_wrapper<Functor>);
template<typename Signature, typename Functor> 
  bool operator==(reference_wrapper<Functor>, const function<Signature>&);
template<typename Signature1, typename Signature2> 
  void operator==(const function<Signature1>&, const function<Signature2>&);
template<typename Signature, typename Functor> 
  bool operator!=(const function<Signature>&, Functor);
template<typename Signature, typename Functor> 
  bool operator!=(Functor, const function<Signature>&);
template<typename Signature, typename Functor> 
  bool operator!=(const function<Signature>&, reference_wrapper<Functor>);
template<typename Signature, typename Functor> 
  bool operator!=(reference_wrapper<Functor>, const function<Signature>&);
template<typename Signature1, typename Signature2> 
  void operator!=(const function<Signature1>&, const function<Signature2>&);

Description

Class template function is a thin wrapper around the numbered class templates function0, function1, etc. It accepts a function type with N arguments and will will derive from functionN instantiated with the arguments it receives.

The semantics of all operations in class template function are equivalent to that of the underlying functionN object, although additional member functions are required to allow proper copy construction and copy assignment of function objects.

Template Parameters

```
typename Signature
```

`function` public construct/copy/destruct

```
function();
```
Postconditions:
this->empty()

Throws:
Will not throw.
```
function(const functionN& f);
```
Postconditions:
Contains a copy of the f's target, if it has one, or is empty if f.empty().

Throws:
Will not throw unless copying the target of f throws.

function(functionN&& f);

Requires:	C++11 compatible compiler.
Postconditions:	Moves the value from `f` to `this`. If the argument has its function object allocated on the heap, its buffer will be assigned to `this` leaving argument empty.
Throws:	Will not throw unless argument has its function object allocated not on the heap and copying the target of `f` throws.

```
function(const function& f);
```
Postconditions:
Contains a copy of the f's target, if it has one, or is empty if f.empty().

Throws:
Will not throw unless copying the target of f throws.

function(function&& f);

Requires:	C++11 compatible compiler.
Postconditions:	Moves the value from `f` to `this`. If the argument has its function object allocated on the heap, its buffer will be assigned to `this` leaving argument empty.
Throws:	Will not throw unless argument has its function object allocated not on the heap and copying the target of `f` throws.

```
template<typename F> function(F f);
```
Requires:
F is a function object Callable from this.

Postconditions:
*this targets a copy of f if f is nonempty, or this->empty() if f is empty.

template<typename F, typename Allocator> function(F f, Allocator alloc);

Requires:	F is a function object Callable from `this`, Allocator is an allocator. The copy constructor and destructor of Allocator shall not throw.
Postconditions:	`*this` targets a copy of `f` if `f` is nonempty, or `this->empty()` if `f` is empty.
Effects:	If memory allocation is required, the given allocator (or a copy of it) will be used to allocate that memory.

```
function& operator=(const functionN& f);
```
Postconditions:
If copy construction does not throw, *this targets a copy of f's target, if it has one, or is empty if f.empty(). If copy construction does throw, this->empty().

function& operator=(functionN&& f);

Requires:	C++11 compatible compiler.
Postconditions:	Moves the value from `f` to `this`. If the argument has its function object allocated on the heap, its buffer will be assigned to `this` leaving argument empty.
Throws:	Will not throw unless argument has its function object allocated not on the heap and copying the target of `f` throws.

function& operator=(const function& f);

Postconditions:	If copy construction of the target of `f` does not throw, `*this` targets a copy of `f`'s target, if it has one, or is empty if `f.empty()`.
Throws:	Will not throw when the target of `f` is a stateless function object or a reference to the function object. If copy construction does throw, `this->empty()`.

function& operator=(function&& f);

Requires:	C++11 compatible compiler.
Postconditions:	Moves the value from `f` to `this`. If the argument has its function object allocated on the heap, its buffer will be assigned to `this` leaving argument empty.
Throws:	Will not throw unless argument has its function object allocated not on the heap and copying the target of `f` throws.

```
~function();
```
Effects:
If !this->empty(), destroys the target of this.

`function` modifiers

```
void swap(const function& f);
```
Effects:
Interchanges the targets of *this and f.
```
void clear();
```
Postconditions:
this->empty()

Throws:
Will not throw.

`function` capacity

```
bool empty() const;
```
Returns:
false if this has a target, and true otherwise.

Throws:
Will not throw.
```
operator safe_bool() const;
```
Returns:
A safe_bool that evaluates false in a boolean context when this->empty(), and true otherwise.

Throws:
Will not throw.
```
bool operator!() const;
```
Returns:
this->empty()

Throws:
Will not throw.

`function` target access

```
template<typename Functor> Functor* target();
template<typename Functor> const Functor* target() const;
```
Returns:
If this stores a target of type Functor, returns the address of the target. Otherwise, returns the NULL pointer.

Throws:
Will not throw.
```
template<typename Functor> bool contains(const Functor& f) const;
```
Returns:
true if this->target<Functor>() is non-NULL and function_equal(*(this->target<Functor>()), f)
```
const std::type_info& target_type() const;
```
Returns:
typeid of the target function object, or typeid(void) if this->empty().

Throws:
Will not throw.

`function` invocation

result_type operator()(arg1_type a1, arg2_type a2, ..., argN_type aN) const;

Effects:	`f(a1, a2, ..., aN)`, where `f` is the target of `*this`.
Returns:	if `R` is `void`, nothing is returned; otherwise, the return value of the call to `f` is returned.
Throws:	`bad_function_call` if `this->empty()`. Otherwise, may through any exception thrown by the target function `f`.

`function` specialized algorithms

template<typename Signature> 
  void swap(function<Signature>& f1, function<Signature>& f2);

Effects:

f1.swap(f2)

`function` comparison operators

template<typename Signature, typename Functor> 
  bool operator==(const function<Signature>& f, Functor g);
template<typename Signature, typename Functor> 
  bool operator==(Functor g, const function<Signature>& f);
template<typename Signature, typename Functor> 
  bool operator==(const function<Signature>& f, reference_wrapper<Functor> g);
template<typename Signature, typename Functor> 
  bool operator==(reference_wrapper<Functor> g, const function<Signature>& f);
template<typename Signature1, typename Signature2> 
  void operator==(const function<Signature1>& f1, 
                  const function<Signature2>& f2);

Returns:	True when `f` stores an object of type `Functor` and one of the following conditions applies: `g` is of type `reference_wrapper<Functor>` and `f.target<Functor>() == g.get_pointer()`. `g` is not of type `reference_wrapper<Functor>` and `function_equals(*(f.target<Functor>()), g)`.
Notes:	`function` objects are not EqualityComparable.
Rationale:	The `safe_bool` conversion opens a loophole whereby two `function` instances can be compared via `==`, although this is not feasible to implement. The undefined `void operator==` closes the loophole and ensures a compile-time or link-time error.

template<typename Signature, typename Functor> 
  bool operator!=(const function<Signature>& f, Functor g);
template<typename Signature, typename Functor> 
  bool operator!=(Functor g, const function<Signature>& f);
template<typename Signature, typename Functor> 
  bool operator!=(const function<Signature>& f, reference_wrapper<Functor> g);
template<typename Signature, typename Functor> 
  bool operator!=(reference_wrapper<Functor> g, const function<Signature>& f);
template<typename Signature1, typename Signature2> 
  void operator!=(const function<Signature1>& f1, 
                  const function<Signature2>& f2);

Returns:	True when `f` does not store an object of type `Functor` or it stores an object of type `Functor` and one of the following conditions applies: `g` is of type `reference_wrapper<Functor>` and `f.target<Functor>() != g.get_pointer()`. `g` is not of type `reference_wrapper<Functor>` and `!function_equals(*(f.target<Functor>()), g)`.
Notes:	`function` objects are not EqualityComparable.
Rationale:	The `safe_bool` conversion opens a loophole whereby two `function` instances can be compared via `!=`, although this is not feasible to implement. The undefined `void operator!=` closes the loophole and ensures a compile-time or link-time error.

Postconditions:	Contains a copy of the `f`'s target, if it has one, or is empty if `f.empty()`.
Throws:	Will not throw unless copying the target of `f` throws.

Returns:	`false` if `this` has a target, and `true` otherwise.
Throws:	Will not throw.

Returns:	A `safe_bool` that evaluates `false` in a boolean context when `this->empty()`, and `true` otherwise.
Throws:	Will not throw.

Returns:	If `this` stores a target of type `Functor`, returns the address of the target. Otherwise, returns the NULL pointer.
Throws:	Will not throw.

Returns:	`typeid` of the target function object, or `typeid(void)` if `this->empty()`.
Throws:	Will not throw.

Boost C++ Libraries